Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2014, Fall 2013
This course will cover our modern scientific understanding of origins, from the Big Bang to the formation of planets like Earth, evolution by natural selection, the genetic basis of evolution, and the emergence of humans. These ideas are of great intrinsic scientific importance and also have far reaching implications for other aspects of people's lives (e.g., philosophical, religious, and political). A major theme will be the scientific method and how we know what we know.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
The Berkeley Seminar Program has been designed to provide new students with the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member in a small-seminar setting. Berkeley Seminars are offered in all campus departments, and topics vary from department to department and semester to semester.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Principles of evolution biology as they relate to animal behavior and behavioral ecology with broad coverage of animal groups. Special attention will be paid to the emerging discipline of behavioral ecology.

Terms offered: Spring 2017
Bioinspired design views the process of how we learn from Nature as an innovation strategy translating principles of function, performance and aesthetics from biology to human technology. The creative design process is driven by interdisciplinary exchange among engineering, biology, art, architecture and business. Diverse teams of students will collaborate on, create, and present original bioinspired design projects. Lectures discuss biomimicry, challenges of extracting principles from Nature, scaling, robustness, and entrepreneurship through case studies highlighting robots that run, fly, and swim, materials like gecko-inspired adhesives, artificial muscles, medical prosthetic devices, and translation to start-ups.

Terms offered: Summer 1996 10 Week Session
Open without prerequisite to all students and designed for those not specializing in paleontology. Evolution history, and ecology of the dinosaurs and their world, including the earliest mammals and birds.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Fall 2016
This course addresses modern human biological variation from historical, comparative, evolutionary, biomedical, and cultural perspectives. It is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of comparative biology, evolutionary theory, and genetics.

Terms offered: Prior to 2007
. Open without prerequisite toall students and designed for those not specializing in paleontology. Survey the evolution, ecology, and history of the primate order. Special emphasis will be given to primate origins, geographic distribution, and the evolution of the human lineage.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013, Spring 2012
Reading and discussion of the literature on particular topics in the field of integrative biology. Term paper and oral presentation. Section topics will vary from semester to semester. Students should check with department secretary for each semester's offerings.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2016 8 Week Session, Fall 2013
A survey of marine mammal evolution, biology, behavior, ecology, and politics with a concentration on those species found in the North Pacific. Coverage would include: origin and evolution of cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, and sea otters; basic biology and anatomy of marine mammal groups, and North Pacific species in particular; ecological interactions and role in nearshore and pelagic marine communities; and interactions between humans and marine mammals.

Terms offered: Summer 1996 10 Week Session
An introduction to the order of mammals of which we are members. The niches of primates in modern ecosystems, their anatomical and behavorial specialization, and their role as indicator species in conservation. The mechanisms and variety of primate social organization compared with that of other animals.

Terms offered: Fall 2017
Each week a different Integrative Biology faculty member will give a one hour lecture on how their research field contributes to our understanding of human biology. The integration of the disciplines of evolution, ecology, paleontology, comparative physiology, and comparative anatomy in the study of how humans function in ecosystems illuminates our understanding of human biology. During each presentation, the faculty member will also inform students about IB courses they teach, research in their lab, and which Berkeley Natural History Museum they may be affiliated with. This course gives undergraduates an opportunity to learn about the spectrum of research and courses offered by the different IB faculty.

Terms offered: Not yet offered
Each week a different Integrative Biology faculty member will give a one hour lecture on how their research field contributes to our understanding of human biology. The integration of the disciplines of evolution, ecology, paleontology, comparative physiology, and comparative anatomy in the study of how humans function in ecosystems illuminates our understanding of human biology. During each presentation, the faculty member will also inform students about IB courses they teach, research in their lab, and which Berkeley Natural History Museum they may be affiliated with. This course gives undergraduates an opportunity to learn about the spectrum of research and courses offered by the different IB faculty.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
This course offers multidisciplinary approach to begin answering the question "Why are oceans important to us?" Upon a physical, chemical, and geologic base, we introduce the alien world of sea life, the importance of the ocean to the global carbon cycle, and the principles of ecology with a focus on the important concept of energy flow through food webs. Lectures expand beyond science to include current topics as diverse as music, movies, mythology, biomechanics, policy, and trade.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Sophomore seminars are small interactive courses offered by faculty members in departments all across the campus. Sophomore seminars offer opportunity for close, regular intellectual contact between faculty members and students in the crucial second year. The topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Enrollment limited to 15 sophomores.

Terms offered: Summer 2015 8 Week Session, Summer 2014 8 Week Session, Summer 2013 8 Week Session
This course provides a functional understanding of hypothesis/data driven research and exposure to current approaches and methods in biological science. The lectures address foundational concepts of the scientific method, research ethics, scientific communication, and how to understand scientific literature. The labs provide exposure to faculty research and experimental methods. The course is geared to incoming freshmen, sophomores, and transfer students interested in learning more about research.

Terms offered: Fall 2009, Fall 2008, Fall 2007
Leadership skills and abilities such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and resourcefulness are critical to academic, professional, and personal success. The need for enlightened leaders is evident in every aspect of health and science such as designing innovative health programs, obtaining funding, conducting cutting-edge research, developing and gaining support to implement policy solutions. This course provides an understanding of the principles of leadership and communications for students in the Biology Scholars Program. Students will nurture those traits in themselves and apply those principles in situations specifically related to the health and science sectors.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Spring 2016
Students enrolled in BIOLOGY 1B can participate in special field research in addition to attending regular laboratory sections. Students work independently with minimal supervision. Students will learn how to develop a project, collect and record data, conduct and analyze experiments, write a report, and make an oral presentation. Project may require traveling to off-campus sites, and may include night or weekend work.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Freshmen will be introduced to the "culture" of the biological sciences, along with an in-depth orientation to the academic life and the culture of the university as they relate to majoring in biology. Students will learn concepts, skills, and information that they can use in their major course, and as future science professionals. Restricted to freshmen in the biology scholars program.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session
Lectures and small group discussions focusing on topics of interest, varying from semester to semester.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Spring 2017
Lower division independent study and research intended for the academically superior student. Enrollment only with prior approval of faculty adviser directing the research.

Terms offered: Fall 2013, Fall 2012, Spring 2002
Biogeographic, temporal, and historical patterns of change in biological diversity; phylogenetics and systematics; processes involved in origin and extinction of taxa and floras/faunas; population structure and demography (including human populations); community processes and maintenance of diversity; ecosystem function; global change; human uses of and effects on biodiversity; conservation biology.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
For undergraduates interested in improving their ability to communicate their scientific knowledge by teaching ocean science in elementary schools or science centers/aquariums. The course will combine instruction in inquiry-based teaching methods and learning pedagogy with six weeks of supervised teaching experience in a local school classroom or the Lawrence Hall of Science with a partner. Thus, students will practice communicating scientific knowledge and receive mentoring on how to improve their presentations.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013, Spring 2011
The relationship of the main plant groups and the plant communities of California to climate, soils, vegetation, geological and recent history, and conservation. Laboratory will also include at least two Saturday field trips and focus on main plant groups and major plant families in California, and use of keys to identify introduced and especially native pteridophytes, conifers, and flowering plants of the state.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Spring 2012
Introductory survey of the biology of invertebrates, stressing comparative functional morphology, phylogeny, natural history, and aspects of physiology and development. Laboratory study of invertebrate diversity and functional morphology, and field study of the natural history of local marine invertebrates.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Biology of the vertebrates, exclusive of fish. Laboratory and field study of local vertebrates exclusive of fish.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
(1) survey of museum resources, including strategies for accession, conservation, collecting and acquiring material, administration, and policies; (2) strategies for making collections digitally available (digitization, databasing, georeferencing, mapping); (3) tools and approaches for examining historical specimens (genomics, isotopes, ecology, morphology, etc); and (4) data integration and inference. The final third of the course will involve individual projects within a given museum.

Terms offered: Spring 2012, Spring 2010, Spring 2008
The biological implications of marine physics and chemistry. History and properties of seawater. Geophysical fluids. Currents and circulations. Deep sea. Waves, tides, and bottom boundary layers. The coastal ocean; estuaries. Air/sea interaction. Mixing. Formation of water masses. Modeling biological and geochemical processes. Ocean and climate change.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
An analysis of the structural diversity of land plants plants with emphasis on the developmental mechanisms responsible for this variation in morphology and the significance of this diversity in relation to adaptation and evolution.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016
From the seahorse’s body to the venus flytrap’s jaws to the human brain, nature abounds with amazing adaptations. This interdisciplinary course explores how and why such biodiversity evolves as well as what limits diversity. Lectures and case studies will focus on core concepts, recent advances, and integrative approaches, placing special emphasis on the interplay between gene regulatory networks, the environment, and population genetics.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2014
Selected aspects of fungi: their structure, reproduction, physiology, ecology, genetics and evolution; their role in plant disease, human welfare, and industry. Offered even fall semesters.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
An introduction to horticultural techniques utilizing the diverse collections of the University Botanical Garden.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
This course will center around answering the following questions: What do the fossil and geologic records have to tell us about the nature of ecological and evolutionary processes? What do they teach us that cannot be learned from the living world alone? In answering these questions, the course will provide an introduction to the analysis of key problems in paleobiology, with an emphasis on how evolutionary and ecological processes operate on geologic timescales.

Terms offered: Spring 2017
Many of the challenges of managing infectious disease are essentially ecological and evolutionary problems. Disease follows the rules of species interactions as it spreads through host populations while resistance to antibiotics occurs through the rules of evolutionary biology. The key aim of the module is to teach ecological and evolutionary principles in the light of infectious diseases affecting human populations and societies as well as agriculture and wildlife. This is applied ecology and applied evolution writ large.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
This course is aimed at students wishing to understand the general principles of how biological systems operate. Topics include feedback regulation; competition and cooperation; genetic switches and circuits; random processes; chaos; mechanisms for error correction; and the properties of networks. Examples are selected from many fields including medicine, physiology, ecology, biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics. Students will learn to conceptualize and quantify interactions within biological systems using simple mathematical models and computer programs. No previous experience in programming is required.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2016 10 Week Session, Summer 2016 First 6 Week Session
This course includes the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of various medically important parasitic infections. Life cycles of parasitic helminths and protozoa, the biological aspects of the host-parasite relationship, the epidemiology of the infection, and the interplay of social, economical, and ecological factors which contribute to the disease will be covered in both lectures and videos.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Summer 2016 First 6 Week Session
Biological diversity and ethno-linguistic diversity sustain traditional botanical medicine systems of the world. Major topics covered in this course include cultural origins of medicinal plant knowledge on plant-derived pharmaceuticals and phytomedicines; field research methods in ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology; examples of how traditional botanical medicines provide safe, effective, affordable, and sustainable primary health care to tropical countries; human physiology, human diseases, and mechanisms of action of plant-derived drugs.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Laboratory will focus on studying medicinal plants from the major ecosystems and geographical regions of the world. Students will learn common names, scientific names, plant families, field identification, habitats, and ethnomedical uses of medicinal plants. How the medicinal plant is prepared, administered, and used as a phytomedicine will also be discussed. There will be reference to the phylogenetic relationships between the plant families and genera represented by the medicinal plants.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
The second half of the 20th century is marked by great strides in the battle against infectious diseases. However, the forces that drive pathogen evolution continue to pose new challenges for science and medicine. In this course we will cover various aspects relating to host-pathogen interactions, focusing on animals and their bacterial pathogens. We will address the ecology of host-pathogen interactions, their shaping by co-evolution, examine prominent molecular mechanisms taking part in this warfare and learn how ancient mechanisms are used and reused through millions of years of evolution. The course will examine how better understanding of host-pathogen interactions can suggest new strategies for fighting infectious diseases.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Fall 2014, Spring 2013
A course in critical analysis of medical reports and studies using recent controversial topics in medicine. Course will focus on information gathering, hypothesis testing, evaluating study design, methodological problems, mechanisms of bias, interpretation of results, statistics, and attribution of causation. Students participate in a mock trial as a way to demonstrate their abilities to gather, critically analyze, and present scientific and medical evidence.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Discussion of how chemical energy is captured within cells and how potential chemical energy is converted to muscular work. Energetics, direct and indirect calorimetry, pathways of carbon flow in exercise, ventilation, circulation, skeletal muscle fiber types. Laboratory component of the course is to obtain practical experience in the measurement of physiological parameters and to be able to compile, compare, contrast, and interpret physiological data. Laboratory demonstrations and exercises will explain lecture content.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2014
Basic biomechanical and anatomical concepts of human movement and their application to fundamental movement patterns, exercise, and sport skills.

Terms offered: Fall 2014, Fall 2013, Fall 2012
Neural control of movement in humans and other animals. Lectures introduce basic theories of information and control, analyze motor control at the spinal level, survey anatomy and physiology of motor systems of the brain, and synthesize theory and physiology to understand control systems that regulate posture, locomotion, and voluntary movements. In laboratories, students learn theory and motor physiology hands-on, and design and perform independent investigations.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2016 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2015 First 6 Week Session
Survey course of sports medicine including topics of athletic injury (cause, evaluation, and treatment options), exercise physiology, exercise and health, fitness testing, issues specific to female athletes, drug abuse in sports, environmental issues (heat, altitude, sun exposure), nutrition, careers in sports medicine, introduction to clinical research.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Principles and theories of human physiological assessment in relation to physical activity and conditioning. Performance of laboratory procedures in the measurement and interpretation of physiological fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, musculoskeletal fitness).

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Fall 2016
The functional anatomy of the human body as revealed by gross and microscopic examination. Designed to be taken concurrently with 131L.

Terms offered: Fall 2014, Fall 2013, Fall 2012
A series of 15 lectures by former students of 131 who have become successful physicians and surgeons. The purpose is to provide the practical applications of anatomy, e.g., plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, vascular surgeons, pathologists, etc.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2017
Prepared human dissections, models, and microscopic slides.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Spring 2017, Summer 2016 8 Week Session
Mechanisms by which key physiological priorities are maintained in healthy humans. From a basis in elementary theories of information and control, we develop an understanding of homeostasis of cellular composition, structure, and energy metabolism. We then study neural and endocrine signaling in humans, and develop the key concepts of control and homeostasis in all the major organ and multi-organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, metabolic, reproductive, and immune systems, growth and development, and sensory and motor systems.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Summer 2016 10 Week Session, Summer 2016 8 Week Session
In the laboratory component of Integrative Biology 132, students gain hands-on experience measuring physiological parameters, interpreting physiological data, designing experiments, and communicating ideas in writing and orally. Guided investigations include measurements of membrane potentials, responses of skeletal muscle to electrical stimulation, electromyography, pulmonary and cardiovascular measurements in humans, contractility and regulation of the frog heart, human electrocardiography, and renal control of body fluids. In two independent investigations, students identify their own questions, develop hypotheses, design and perform experiments, and present their studies in symposia. Background in elementary statistics, data analysis and oral presentation are also provided.

Terms offered: Spring 2011, Spring 2010, Spring 2009
The purpose of the course is for University students to teach human anatomy to grades K-7 in the public schools. The UCB students work in groups of 2-3 to plan their presentations of the systems of the body and then enter the school rooms to teach what they have learned in 131.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2013
Organism design in terms of mechanical principles; basics of fluid and solid mechanics with examples of their biological implications, stressing the dependence of mechanical behavior and locomotion on the structure of molecules, tissues, structural elements, whole organisms, and habitats.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2014, Spring 2013
Introduction to laboratory and field study of the biomechanics of animals and plants using fundamental biomechanical techniques and equipment. Course has a series of rotations involving students in experiments demonstrating how solid and fluid mechanics can be used to discover the way in which diverse organisms move and interact with their physical environment. The laboratories emphasize sampling methodology, experimental design, and statistical interpretation of results. Latter third of course devoted to independent research projects. Written reports and class presentation of project results are required.

Terms offered: Fall 2014, Summer 1991 10 Week Session
The ability to reproduce is a defining characteristic of life, and of great interest to biologists as well as humanity in general. What is sex, and why did it develop? Why do we have sexual reproduction, whereas some animals do not? This course will provide a comprehensive overview on the biology of sex from an evolutionary perspective with an emphasis on humans in comparison to other species. The course will consist of two lectures each week, and a lab where we discuss a paper, watch videos, or have discussion sections on specific topics that were covered in class.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Course will address the role of hormones in physiology with a focus on humans. Regulation of hormone secretion and mechanisms of hormone action will be discussed. Physiological processes to be addressed include reproduction, metabolism, water balance, growth, fetal development. Experimental and clinical aspects will be addressed.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
The primary goal of this course is to provide students with a broad understanding of the evolution of hormonal systems. A comparative approach allows us to envisage how the complex mammalian endocrine system presumably evolved from that of more primitive vertebrates. Students will learn about endocrine pathways and endocrine-based behaviors of jawless fishes, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In addition, students will gain an understanding of the experimental methods used in endocrine research. The class teaches students how to read and interpret the primary scientific literature; thus it encourages the critical thinking that is a fundamental skill for any scientist.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
This course is designed to be an interdisciplinary course. It will adopt a broad-based approach to explore the concepts of stress, health, and disease, with a particular focus on current primary literature. The course will cover multiple dimensions in the study of stress, which employ genetic, epigenetic, molecular, cellular, physiological, and cognitive approaches, especially in the context of endocrine and neuroscience research. We will analyze the individual response to stress, how genetic and environmental factors play a role in it, how it translates to physiological and mental health and well-being vs. pathological conditions, and put that in a public health perspective.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Summer 2016 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2016
Course focuses on biological and cultural aspects of human reproduction including conception, embryology, pregnancy, labor, delivery, lactation, infant/child development, puberty, and reproductive aging. This includes study of factors that diminish and factors that enhance fertility, reproduction, and maternal-child health. We explore evolutionary, ecological, environmental, cultural, ethnobiological, and nutritional determinants of fertility, reproductive rate, infant survival, and population growth.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2016 10 Week Session, Summer 2016 8 Week Session
Principles of inheritance, especially as applied to human traits, including molecular aspects of genetics, the genetic constitutions of populations, and questions of heredity/environment.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Spring 2013
An intensive study of the human skeleton, reconstruction of individual and population characteristics, emphasizing methodology and analysis of human populations from archaeological and paleontological contexts, taphonomy, and paleopathology.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2012
A consideration of the biological clocks that generate daily, lunar, seasonal and annual rhythms in various animals including people. Emphasis on neuroendocrine substrates, development and adaptive significance of estrous cycles, feeding rhythms, sleep-wakefulness cycles, reproductive and hibernation cycles, body weight and migratory cycles.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
This course provides a comprehensive overview of behavorial endocrinology beginning with hormone production and actions on target issues and continuing with an exploration of a variety of behaviors and their hormonal regulation/consequences. The course uses a comparative approach to examine the reciprocal interactions between the neuroendocrine system and behavior, considering the effects of hormone on development and adult behavior in addition to how behavior regulates endocrine physiology. While much of the course focuses on non-human vertebrate species, the relevance to humans is explored where appropriate. Topics include sexual differentiation and sex differences in behavior, reproductive, parental, and aggressive behaviors, and hormonal and behavioral homeostatic regulation.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
An introduction to comparative animal behavior and behavioral physiology in an evolutionary context, including but not limited to analysis of behavior, genetics and development, learning, aggression, reproduction, adaptiveness, and physiological substrates.

Terms offered: Not yet offered
Communication is central to the lives of most, if not all animals. How and why animals communicate is thus central to understanding the ecology, behavior, neurobiology, and evolution of animal systems. This course will focus on understanding the basic principles driving the communication system of a species, drawing together topics ranging from the physical properties of the environment, physiology of sensory systems, animal behavior and ecology, using examples from classic and recent publications.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2015, Spring 2013
An in-depth examination of the ecological and evolutionary bases for behavioral diversity. Topics covered include behavior as an adaptive response, sexual selection, animal mating systems, group living, and cooperative and competitive interactions. Current conceptual approaches to these topics are explored, with an emphasis upon rigorous testing of hypotheses drawn from primary literature. Hands-on laboratory training in the methods of experimental design, data collection, and data analysis.

Terms offered: Not yet offered
This course will focus on studying the molecular mechanisms of aging and the age-related changes that take place in cells and tissues. It introduces animal models used for the study of the genetics and biochemistry of aging as well as discusses the similarities and differences in aging mechanisms across species. Students will learn the age-related changes taking place in the major physiological systems in humans. Special attention will be given to differentiating normal aging processes from diseases that normally affect the elderly.

Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2014
Comparative study of physiological systems among animal phyla. General physiological principles will be illustrated by examining variation in neural, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and osmoregulatory systems. Students will read original literature and give a group presentation in a symposium.

Terms offered: Spring 2010, Spring 2008, Spring 2005
This course focuses on the use of molecular genetic information in ecology. Applications and techniques covered range from analysis of parentage and relatedness (DNA fingerprinting and multilocus genetic analysis) through gene flow, biogeographic history and community composition (comparative DNA sequencing) to analysis of diet and trophic interactions (biological isotopes). Grades are based on one final exam, problem sheets, and a critique of a recent research paper.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 1996
Evolutionary physiology studies how physiological traits arise and are modified during adaptation to the environment. An integrative understanding of the origin and maintenance of physiological traits, encompassing levels of biological hierarchy from molecular to ecological and biogeographic, is essential for improving human health and stewarding the natural world through the current era of rapid environmental change. This course consists of three parts: 1) big questions in evolutionary physiology and how they are addressed; 2) a student-led exploration of how environmental factors have shaped physiological evolution; and 3) predicting responses to global change using evolutionary physiology.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013, Spring 2009
This course focuses on a survey of physiological approaches to understanding plant-environment interactions from the functional perspective. Lectures cover physiological adaptation; limiting factors; resources acquisition/allocation; photosynthesis, carbon, energy balance; water use and relations; nutrient relations; linking physiology; stable isotope applications in ecophysiology; stress physiology; life history and physiology; evolution of physiological performance; physiology population, community, and ecosystem levels.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013, Spring 2009
The laboratory is focused on instructing you on observational and experimental approaches and methods used in plant physiological ecology. Students are introduced to a wide range of techniques and will make measurements on different plant species growing in the field or greenhouse (weeks 1-7). A group research project is required (weeks 9-12).

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
The environmental fate and effect of toxic substances from human activities, with emphasis on aquatic systems, including their biological effects from the molecular to the community level. Course will review pollutant types, principal sources, impacts on aquatic organisms, monitoring approaches, and regulatory issues.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Principles of microbial, animal, and plant population ecology, illustrated with examples from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. Consideration of the roles of physical and biological processes in structuring natural communities. Observational, experimental, and theoretical approaches to population and community ecology will be discussed. Topics will include quantitative approaches relying on algebra, graph analysis, and elementary calculus. Discussion section will review recent literature in ecology.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2015, Fall 2013
An introduction to ecology of plants, covering individuals, populations, communities, and global processes. Topics include: form and function, population ecology, life histories, community structure and dynamics, disturbance and succession, diversity and global change.

Terms offered: Fall 2015, Fall 2013, Fall 2008
Field and laboratory class in plant ecology. Laboratory exercises covering plant functional morphology, dispersal ecology, spatial dispersion in plant populations, environmental gradients and plant distributions, population dynamics simulations, and restoration ecology. Small-group independents projects, with write-ups and presentations. Concurrent enrollment in Integrative Biology 154 is required.

Terms offered: Spring 2014, Spring 2011, Spring 1998
Since the end of the Pleistocene and especially with the development of agriculturally based societies humans have had cumulative and often irreversible impacts on natural landscapes and biotic resources worldwide. Thus "global change" and the biodiversity crisis are not exclusively developments of the industrial and post-industrial world. This course uses a multi-disciplinary approach, drawing upon methods and data from archaeology, palynology, geomorphology, paleontology, and historical ecology to unravel the broad trends of human ecodynamics over the past 10,000 years.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
A survey of the principles and practices of conservation biology. Factors that affect the creation, destruction, and distribution of biological diversity at the level of the gene, species, and ecosystem are examined. Tools and management options derived from ecology and evolutionary biology that can recover or prevent the loss of biological diversity are explored.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
The ecosystems of California are studied from both an ecological and historical biogeographical perspective with a focus on terrestrial plant communities. Students learn how to identify about 150 species of native plants (mostly trees, but also other dominant plants from the non-forest biomes). Field trips occur each Friday and over several weekends. Students conduct group projects that involve plant inventories and data collection as well as how to collect plant specimens and use the Herbarium.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Natural history and evolutionary biology of island terrestrial and freshwater organisms, and of marine organisms in the coral reef and lagoon systems will be studied, and the geomorphology of volcanic islands, coral reefs, and reef islands will be discussed. Features of island biogeography will be illustrated with topics linked to subsequent field studies on the island of Moorea (French Polynesia).

Terms offered: Fall 2015, Fall 2013, Fall 2011
Earth is a complex dynamic system. Interplay between its components (solid earth, oceans, and atmosphere) governs conditions on the planet's outside that we and other biota inhabit. In turn, life asserts a vast influence on the abiotic components; in fact, the biosphere itself is a crucial system component. We will explore the effect that 3.5 billion years of evolving biosphere had on System Earth and vice versa (e.g., in terms of climate), including the recent human impact on the system.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
An analysis of the patterns and processes of organic evolution. History and philosophy of evolutionary thought; the different lines of evidence and fields of inquiry that bear on the understanding of evolution. The major features and processes of evolution through geologic times; the generation of new forms and new lineages; extinction; population processes of selection, adaptation, and other forces; genetics, genomics, and the molecular basis of evolution; evolutionary developmental biology; sexual selection; behavorial evolution; applications of evolutionary biology to medical, agricultural, conservational, and anthropological research.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2015, Spring 2013
Population genetics provides the theoretical foundation for modern evolutionary thinking. It also provides a basis for understanding genetic variation within populations. We will study population genetic theory and use it to illuminate a number of different topics, including the existence of sex, altruism and cooperation, genome evolution speciation, and human genetic variation and evolution.

Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2014
This course integrates ecology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. It presents contemporary approaches to studying evolution in natural populations, including analyzing heritability of ecologically important traits, using molecular techniques to decompose genotypes, documenting and measuring the magnitude of selection in natural systems, and using models to predict evolution in natural populations. Case studies are used to examine evolutionary effects of ecological interactions among organisms, the importance of population size and structure, and interactions among populations through migration and dispersal.

Terms offered: Spring 2012, Spring 2011, Spring 2010
This course will introduce undergraduates to the study of evolution using molecular and genomic methods. Topics included will be rates of evolution, evolution of sex chromosomes, insertions and deletions of DNA sequences, evolution of regulatory genetic elements, methods of phylogenetic inference, gene duplication, multigene families, transposons, genome organization, gene transfer, and DNA polymorphism within species.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
This course will introduce students to basic principles of genetics, including transmissions genetics, gene regulation, pedigree analysis, genetic mapping, population genetics, and the principles of molecular evolution. The course will also introduce students to recent developments in genomics as applied to problems in human genetic diseases, human history, and the relationship between humans and their closest relatives.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Spring 2012
The goals of the course are to (a) examine how geographically-linked characteristics of species influence their potential for evolution and extinction; (b) provide an overview of approaches for studying the interplay between geographic ranges, environment, evolution, and extinction; and (c) examine how human impacts over-ride the biogeographic processes and patterns that prevailed before people dominated the planet.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Spring 2007
The diversity of life is the product of evolutionary changes. This course will integrate fossil and molecular data to consider some of the outstanding questions in the study of evolution. Major topics covered include the origin and early evolution of life, the expansion of the biosphere through time, the generation of variation and the mechanisms of natural selection, genetics and developmental evolution, and the relationships between microevolution and macroevolution.

Terms offered: Spring 2010, Spring 2009, Spring 2007
A discussion of the philosophy, principles, techniques, and history of botanical systemics. An outline of the major group of vascular plants and their evolution.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2014
A discussion of the philosophy, principles, techniques, and history of botanical systemics. An outline of the major group of vascular plant and their evolution. Laboratory course devoted to a survey on a world-wide basis of the diversity of vascular plant families.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
This course explores the ways that evolutionary theory, natural selection, drift, genetics, and epigenetics can illuminate our understanding of human health and disease. The course begins with an overview of primate and hominid evolution and human genetic variation. We then evaluate reproductive biology and maternal/child health through an evolutionary lens. We explore how human ecosystem interactions influence diet, metabolic adaptations, hematological adaptions, human microbiome, and human pathogens. We examine evolutionary concepts related to aging, senescence and development of cancer. Finally we study psychology, behavior, and social/cultural organization through an evolutionary perspective.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2015
This course is a hands-on introduction to common research methods in population and community ecology. Each method and its application are first presented in a lecture session, illustrated with published examples. The method is then practiced in a subsequent group field exercise, conducted in a local terrestrial, aquatic, or marine habitat. The course focuses on sampling methods, experimental designs, and statistical analyses used to investigate patterns of species distribution and abundance, interspecific associations, and local species diversity. Graded assignments include write-ups of field exercise results, and an in-depth review paper and oral in-class presentation on an ecological method of particular interest to the student.

Terms offered: Not yet offered
Lakes, rivers, wetlands, and estuaries are biologically rich, dynamic, and among the most vital and the most vulnerable of Earth’s ecosystems. Lectures will introduce general topics including the natural history of freshwater biota and habitats, ecological interactions, and ecosystem linkages and dynamics. Broad principles will be illustrated with results from selected recent research publications. Factors affecting resilience or vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to change will be examined. Course requirements: two exams and a short synthesis paper projecting the future states of a freshwater or estuarine ecosystem of the student's choice under plausible scenarios of local, regional, or global change.

Terms offered: Spring 2017
The biological world is shaped by interactions among species. These inter-specific interactions, such as between predators and prey, plants and pollinators, or hosts and pathogens, have led to an impressive array of adaptations, helping to explain the incredible organismal and genetic diversity on Earth. Our understanding of coevolution (the responses to reciprocal selection acting on two interacting populations) has been greatly facilitated in the last few years by conceptual advancements, new methods allowing direct tests of theory, next generation sequencing technology, and the advance of ‘omics’ approaches.

Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2014, Spring 2014
An advanced course in the biology of mammals. Topics covered include elements of modern mammalian biology such as morphology, physiology, ecology, and behavior. For all topics, the traits that define mammals are emphasized, as is the variation on these themes evident within modern mammalian lineages. Laboratory and field explore the biology of modern mammals. Laboratories use the extensive collections of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology to introduce students to mammalian diversity in a phylogenetic context.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2015, Spring 2013
An advanced course in the biology of birds. Laboratory: an introduction to the diversity, morphology, and general ecology of birds of the world.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013
Lectures will introduce students to the diversity of amphibians and reptiles on a world-wide basis, with an emphasis on systematics, ecology, morphology, and life history. Laboratories will teach students the diagnostic characteristics and some functional attributes of amphibians and reptiles on a world-wide basis. Field trips will acquaint students with techniques for collecting, preserving, identifying, and studying amphibians and reptiles.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Introduction to fish ecology, with particular emphasis on the identification and ecology of California's inland fishes. This course will expose students to the diversity of fishes found in California, emphasizing the physical (e.g., temperature, flow), biotic (e.g., predation, competition), and human-related (e.g., dams, fisheries) factors that affect the distribution, diversity, and abundance of these fishes.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
We will study the anatomy, physiology, life history, diversity, evolution, behavior, biogeography and ecology of the fishes, the most diverse of all vertebrate groups and the dominant group of vertebrates in aquatic habitats. Aside from serving as a comprehensive introduction to the science of ichthyology, the course will provide a solid foundation in anatomy, physiology, evolution, life history, and ecology and will prepare you well for careers in fisheries science, ichthyology, aquaculture, oceanography or vertebrate biology.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2014, Fall 2000
Introduction to the evolution of plants and terrestrial
ecosystems through time. From the invasion of land to the present, we will follow the
evolution of major plant groups through important moments of the Phanerozoic eon (the past
540 million years). By studying fossilized plant assemblages, we will interpret how major
environmental changes unfolded across landscapes in the past and how plants have influenced
the shaping of our planet. Lectures will be complemented by an interactive laboratory covering
paleobotanical research techniques, study of fossil and living plant form and function in the lab
and field, and analysis of peer-reviewed literature.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013, Spring 2011
Introduction to vertebrate paleontology, focusing on the history and phylogeny of vertebrates ranging from fishes to humans. Emphasis: evolution, taxonomy, functional morphology, faunas through time, problems in vertebrate history, including diversity through time and extinction. Laboratory: vertebrate fossils, focusing on demonstration and study of problems related to taxonomy, evolution, functional morphology, structures, preservation of fossil vertebrates, and their faunas through time.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Fall 2012, Fall 2010
Lectures on comparative osteology of vertebrates, with emphasis on selected groups of terrestrial vertebrates considered in paleoecological, paleoclimatological, and biostratigraphic analyses. Laboratory: comparative osteology of vertebrates, with emphasis on selected groups of vertebrates. Structure, anatomy, morphology, function, and development of the vertebrate skeleton.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Origin and relationships of the extinct forms of mankind.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2013
This course examines the history of human dispersal across Oceania from the perspectives of biogeography and evolutionary ecology. H. sapiens faced problems of dispersal, colonization, and extinction, and adapted in a variety of ways to the diversity of insular ecosystems. A dual evolutionary model takes into account cultural evolution and transmission, as well as biological evolution of human populations. This course also explores the impacts of human populations on isolated and fragile insular ecosystems, and the reciprocal effects of anthropogenic change on human cultures.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2017
This upper-division undergraduate course will allow students to pursue specialized topics in biology in a seminar format. The specific content of the course will vary based on the topic and the instructor. In general, weekly meetings will provide a forum for extended discussion of selected aspects of evolutionary biology. Supplementary readings and assignments will provide critical background information and keep students engaged in relevant topics between weekly meetings.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 10 Week Session, Spring 2017
This course is intended for advanced undergraduates wishing to pursue independent research projects under the mentorship of an IB faculty member. Research projects will be rigorous and will provide significant training in the methods of evoluntionary research. A project proposal is required to enroll and students are expected to porduce a substantial written summary of their work.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session
UGSI will work under supervision of instructor and/or GSI. The UGSI will attend any mandatory preparatory and review meetings, be available in the classroom (discussion or laboratory) to respond to student questions, facilitate lesson plans, perform other tasks as assigned. UGSIs do not evaluate students' work or assign grades.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
This course is designed to prepare trainees in the UC Berkeley "Minority Health/Global Health" (MH/GH) program to conduct a ten-week infectious disease research project in a disease-endemic country. The course provides a background in neglected tropical disease research, international research ethics, and the conduct of health research in low-resource settings.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
Individual study and research for at least one academic year on a special problem to be chosen in consultation with a member of the staff; preparation of the thesis on broader aspects of this work.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
Individual study and research for at least one academic year on a special problem to be chosen in consultation with a member of the staff; preparation of the thesis on broader aspects of this work.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Spring 2017
Supervised experience relevant to specific topics of biology in off-campus organizations. Written report and evaluation from internship supervisor required.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
Undergraduate research by small groups.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session
Enrollment restrictions apply; see department.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016
The core theory and methodology for comparative biology, beginning
with issues in building phylogenetic trees, with emphases on both
morphology and molecules, and both living and fossil organisms. Also
covers the many applications of phylogenetic trees to systematics,
biogeography, speciation, conservation, population genetics, ecology,
behavior, development, functional morphology, and macroevolution
that have revolutionized those fields. Labs are closely integrated with
lectures and cover the major algorithms and computer software used
to implement these approaches. Requirements include participation in
discussions, two exams, and a term project.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
This course will provide a rigorous, critical review of current research in animal behavior. Emphases will include hypothesis testing and experimental design, as well as methods of data collection and analysis. Each week, a student in the course will present original research in the form of a seminar presentation, grant proposal, or manuscript. Through discussion with seminar participants, presenters will gain critical feedback regarding their research.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2013, Fall 2012
This course will review the background mathematical and statistical tools necessary for students interested in pursuing ecological and environmental modeling. Topics include linear algebra; difference equation, ordinary differential equation, and partial differential equation models; stochastic processes; parameter estimation; and a number of statistical techniques. This course will be recommended as a prerequisite for advanced modeling courses in Integrative Biology, Energy and Resources Group, and Environmental Science, Policy, and Management.

Terms offered: Fall 2012, Fall 2011, Fall 2010
This course is aimed at students who wish to understand the evolutionary models and methods for estimating phylogenies (which are trees representing how organisms are related to one another). Topics include continuous-time Markov chains as applied in phylogenetics; maximum likelihood estimation; Bayesian estimation; the combinatorics of evolutionary trees; Markov chain Monte Carlo; distance and parsimony methods for estimating trees; optimization strategies for finding best trees. Students will learn to write computer programs that implement many of the methods discussed in class, and apply their knowledge in a research project.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Fall 2014, Spring 2014
For graduate students interested in improving their ability to communicate their scientific knowledge by teaching ocean science in elementary schools or science centers/aquariums. The course will combine instruction in inquiry-based teaching methods and learning pedagogy with six weeks of supervised teaching experience in a local school classroom or the Lawrence Hall of Science with a partner. Thus, students will practice communicating scientific knowledge and receive mentoring on how to improve their presentations.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
This graduate course will combine formal lectures and discussion, with the overall goal of exposing students to general concepts in freshwater ecology. We will discuss a broad range of topics including freshwater environments and biota, natural selection and adaptive evolution, food webs and trophic cascades, cross-ecosystem linkages, and social-ecological resilience of freshwater ecosystems under global change. Upper division undergraduates are welcome, with permission of the instructors.

Terms offered: Spring 2014, Fall 2010, Fall 2009
Study of nature's solutions to specific problems with the aim of determining appropriate engineering analogs. Morphology, scaling, and design in organisms applied to engineering structures. Mechanical principles in nature and their application to engineering devices. Mechanical behavior of biological materials as governed by underlying microstructure, with the potential for synthesis into engineered materials. Trade-offs between redundancy and efficiency. Students will work in teams on projects where they will take examples of designs, concepts, and models from biology and determine their potential in specific engineering applications.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2009, Fall 2008
Discussion and critique of scientific literature and current topics in the biomechanics and energetic cost of locomotion. Emphasis on terrestrial-legged locomotion. Topics include efficiency, musculoskeletal design, energy-saving mechanisms, muscle mechanics, gaits, effects of scaling, and comparative aspects.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Immediate and long-range adaptations of the body to exercise. Physiological limits and work capacities in relation to age, sex, diet, environmental factors, and nature of activity.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
This seminar will explore current topics that employ the use of stable isotopes. Discussion topics include the areas of biology, paleontology, biogeochemistry, soil science, and atmospheric science. Students will be required to lead at least one discussion of relevant literature in the topic area.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Spring 2012
Course focuses on principles and applications of stable isotope chemistry as applied to the broad science of ecology. Lecture topics include principles of isotope behavior and chemistry, and isotope measurements in the context of terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecological processes and problems. Students participate in a set of laboratory exercises involving preparation of samples of choice for isotopic analyses, the use of the mass spectrometer and optical analysis systems, and the anlaysis of data.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Reports and discussion of original research in marine science.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Presentation, discussion, and critique of current literature in scientific research and current topics in comparative biomechanics which include solid and fluid mechanics, locomotion, and energetics.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Review of current research activity and literature concerning the biology of amphibians and reptiles.

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2014, Spring 2013
This course will examine intentional endocrine disruption, such as the use of pharmaceuticals to regulate hormones in humans, livestock, and wildlife. We will also evaluate endocrine disrupting pollutants and their impacts on wildlife and humans, including their potential role in cancer.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
This course discusses seminal papers in the field of systems biology with particular emphasis on gene regulation and cell biology. The course covers the critical analysis of primary research data, computational modeling, and important theoretical concepts in systems biology. Topics vary from year to year.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Reviews and reports of current research in vertebrate endocrinology and physiology.

Terms offered: Spring 2009, Spring 2008, Fall 2002
Recent developments in evolutionary genetics will be discussed in a seminar format.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2015, Fall 2014
Readings and discussion of current topics.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Reports and discussions of original research.

Terms offered: Spring 2014, Spring 2010, Spring 2009
Topics to vary. Report and discussion of current literature.

Terms offered: Fall 2013, Spring 2011, Spring 2009
Topics vary from year to year but will include paleoecology of major groups of organisms or major environments from population, community evolutionary, or taxonomic persepectives.

Terms offered: Spring 2009, Fall 2008
Students will discuss original papers in the general area of computational biology and will discuss new research presented by instructors in the course and by invited speakers from other departments at UC Berkeley and from other universities and research groups.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
In this seminar, we will explore the genetic underpinnings of vertebrate skeletal variation and review how such information is being incorporated into evolutionary and paleontological studies. Topics include quantitative genetic analyses of cranial variation and developmental genetics of the limb and dentition. This course will be tailored each semester to cover new research; therefore, students may enroll in this course multiple semesters.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Presentation of results of original research by students, faculty, and visitors.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
This is a graduate level course that focuses on special topics within hominid evolutionary studies. The topic for each semester will be decided upon during the first class meeting. Previous advanced training in biology, human evolutionary studies, and evolutionary theory is required.

Terms offered: Fall 2009, Fall 2006, Fall 2004
Current issues in macroevolution and paleobiology, using both neontological and paleontological data.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Advanced study and current literature in various fields of evolution. Topics vary from year to year.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Spring 2016
Presentations and discussions of original research and new literature in vertebrate evolution and paleontology. Syllabus and reading list will vary as topics change from semester to semester. Open to Undergraduate students with permission. Enrollment limit: 20.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Advanced study and current literature in various fields of paleontology. Topics vary from year to year.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Advanced study in various fields of Integrative Biology. Topics will be announced in advance of each semester. Enrollment in more than one section permitted.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Review and discussion of topics of current interest. Topics to vary.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Meetings for the presentation of original work by faculty, visiting lecturers, and graduate students.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Fall 2015
Reading or other advanced study by arrangement with a staff member.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Open to qualified students directly engaged in field studies.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Graduate research by small groups.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Credit awarded according to work planned and accomplished.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2017 Second 6 Week Session, Summer 2016 8 Week Session
Graduate student research.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Fall 2012, Spring 2011
This course will consist of lectures and class discussions about mechanisms of communicating about science to the public. We will consider how to convey the issues, process, and findings of scientific research to a variety of audiences using different media (e.g., posters, web pages, newsletters, newspaper and magazine articles, books, television). Projects conducted by teams of students under the direct supervision of the instructors will include preparation of outreach materials (e.g., posters, newsletters, web pages).

Terms offered: Spring 2015, Fall 2011, Fall 2007
Series of lectures and workshops to prepare graduate students for many aspects of academic careers, including grant proposal writing, giving talks at meetings or to academic departments, preparing job applications and having job interviews, advising graduate students and postdocs, reviewing manuscripts and grant proposals, service activities and time management, working at teaching college vs. research universities, alternative careers, etc.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Series of workshops and seminars involving graduate students and faculty participation. The main objectives of this course are to train graduate students to become effective instructors and to discuss important issues that graduate students face when teaching undergraduate classes.

Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
An intensive lecture and laboratory training course on the fundamental principles and practical applications of stable isotope methods in biogeochemistry, ecology, physiology, and environmental science. Topics covered are sample preparation, operating of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, and analysis of stable isotope data. This course is required for all students interested in using the facilities housed in the Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry for their research.

Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
Diving physics, physiology, medicine, rescue, decompression, theory, navigation, environment, marine life, research methods, equipment, and University regulations. Course leads to University certification to use underwater life support apparatus for study or research under University auspices.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2015, Spring 2015
Individual study for the comprehensive requirements in consultation with the major adviser. Units may not be used to meet either unit or residence requirements for a master's degree.

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2015, Spring 2015
Individual study in consultation with the major adviser. Intended to provide an opportunity for qualified students to prepare themselves for the various examinations required for candidates for the Ph.D.

Terms offered: Summer 2017 8 Week Session, Summer 2016 8 Week Session, Summer 2015 8 Week Session
Formerly < Paleon 602, Zoology 602, Botany 602, Physiol 602, Anatomy 602> Individual study in consultation with the major field adadviser. Intended to provide an opportunity for qualified students to prepare themselves for the various examinations required for candidates for the Ph.D.