Overview
The Department of English offers courses in literature, in language, and in writing. The courses in literature have many different focuses: major authors, historical periods, genres, critical theories and methods as well as cultural and multicultural studies. Courses in language offer instruction in both the history and the structure of the English language. Writing courses offer training in both expository and creative writing.
Entry-Level Writing Requirement
Students must have fulfilled the Entry-Level Writing Requirement before taking any course in the Department of English. For further information, see the College Writing Programs or the Undergraduate Education section of this guide.
Undergraduate Programs
English : BA, Minor
Graduate Program
English : PhD
Courses
English
ENGLISH 200 Problems in the Study of Literature 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Approaches to literary study, including textual analysis, scholarly methodology and bibliography, critical theory and practice.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open only to students in the English Ph.D. program
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 201B Topics in the History of the English Language 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2010, Spring 2009
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit as topic varies. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 203 Graduate Readings 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Graduate lecture courses surveying broad areas and periods of literary history, and directing students in wide reading. Offerings vary from semester to semester. Students should consult the department's "Announcement of Classes" for offerings well before the beginning of the semester.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open to advanced undergraduates, with the consent of the instructor
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 205A Old English 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2013, Fall 2011, Fall 2009
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open to undergraduates with the consent of the instructor
Credit Restrictions: Offered for 4 units in fall and in spring, 3 units in summer.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 205B Old English 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Spring 2014
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open to undergraduates with the consent of the instructor
Credit Restrictions: Offered for 4 units in fall and in spring, 3 units in summer.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2014
Discussion of Chaucer's major works.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 212 Readings in Middle English 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2012, Spring 2012
Rapid reading of selections in Middle English, from the twelfth century through the fifteenth.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 217 Shakespeare 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2014, Spring 2013
Discussion of selected works of Shakespeare.
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
Terms offered: Fall 2012, Spring 2011, Spring 2009
Discussion of Milton's major works.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 243A Fiction Writing Workshop 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2015, Fall 2012
A writing workshop in fiction for graduate students.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor, normally based on prior writings submitted
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 243B Poetry Writing Workshop 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Spring 2016
A writing workshop in poetry for graduate students.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor, normally based on prior writings submitted
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 243N Prose Nonfiction Writing Workshop 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2016, Fall 2014
A writing workshop in prose nonfiction for graduate students.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor, normally based on prior writings submitted
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Fall 2014, Spring 2009
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246D Graduate Proseminars: Renaissance: Seventeenth century through Milton 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2015, Fall 2011
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246E Graduate Proseminars: Restoration and early 18th century 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2014, Fall 2010, Fall 2008
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246F Graduate Proseminars: Later 18th century 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2016, Fall 2013, Fall 2011
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246G Graduate Proseminars: Romantic 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2015, Spring 2011
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246H Graduate Proseminars: Victorian 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Fall 2007, Spring 2006
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246I Graduate Proseminars: American to 1855 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2015, Fall 2012, Fall 2011
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246J Graduate Proseminars: American 1855 to 1900 4 Units
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Spring 2014, Fall 2012
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246K Graduate Proseminars: Literature in English 1900 to 1945 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2014, Spring 2013, Spring 2012
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 246L Graduate Proseminars: Literature in English 1945 to Present 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2015, Spring 2014, Fall 2012
Proseminars in the major chronological fields of English and American literature providing graduate instruction in scholarly and critical approaches appropriate to each field.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 250 Research Seminars 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Required of all Ph.D. students. Advanced study in various fields, leading to a substantial piece of writing. Offerings vary from semester to semester. Students should consult the department's "Announcement of Classes" for offerings well before the beginning of the semester.
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2-3 hours of seminar per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 298 Special Studies 1 - 4 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Directed research. Open to qualified graduate students wishing to pursue special topics. If taken to satisfy degree requirements, must be taken for four units and a letter grade.
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-12 hours of independent study per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Letter grade.
ENGLISH 299 Special Study 1 - 12 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Normally reserved for students directly engaged upon the doctoral dissertation.
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-12 hours of independent study per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate
Grading: Offered for satisfactory/unsatisfactory grade only.
ENGLISH 310 Field Studies in Tutoring Writing 1 - 3 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Tutoring Berkeley undergraduates in College Writing R1A, R1A, R1B, and other writing and/or literature courses. Seminar topics: the writing process, responding to writing, composition theory, grammar, collaborative learning, tutoring methods. Tutors keep a weekly journal, read assigned articles, videotape their tutoring, and write a final paper. This course cannot be used toward fulfillment of the major requirements.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Pre-enrollment interviews required
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for a maximum of 6 units.Course may be repeated for a maximum of 6 units.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of fieldwork per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Professional course for teachers or prospective teachers
Grading: Offered for pass/not pass grade only.
ENGLISH 375 The Teaching of Composition and Literature 3 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015
Discussion of course aims, instructional methods, grading standards, and special problems in the teaching of composition and literature, with practice in handling sample essays. When given for graduate student instructors in the ENGLISH R1A-R1B Program or the English 45 series, the course will include class visitation.
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit with different topic. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Professional course for teachers or prospective teachers
Grading: Offered for satisfactory/unsatisfactory grade only.
Formerly known as: English 302
ENGLISH 602 Individual Study for Doctoral Students 1 - 12 Units
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
Individual study in consultation with the major field adviser, intended to provide an opportunity for qualified students to prepare themselves for the various examinations required of candidates for the Ph.D. May not be used for unit or residence requirements for the doctoral degree.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Graduate standing
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Additional Details
Subject/Course Level: English/Graduate examination preparation
Grading: Offered for satisfactory/unsatisfactory grade only.
Faculty and Instructors
Faculty
Elizabeth Abel, Professor. Feminist theory, psychoanalysis, Virginia Woolf, race and gender.
Research Profile
Charles F. Altieri, Professor. Literature and the visual arts, Wittgenstein, Modern American poetry, Contemporary American poetry, history of aesthetic philosophy.
Research Profile
Oliver Arnold, Associate Professor.
Stephen Michael Best, Associate Professor. Film, English literature, African American literature, literary culture, legal culture.
Research Profile
C. D. Blanton, Associate Professor. Modernism, modern poetry, 19th- and 20th-century British literature, aesthetic and critical theory.
Research Profile
Mitchell Breitwieser, Professor. American literature, philosophy and religion.
Research Profile
Mark D. Danner, Professor. Central America, politics, Balkans, foreign affairs, journalism, Haiti, documentaries.
Research Profile
Kathleen Donegan, Associate Professor. Colonial America, early America, Native America, early Caribbean.
Research Profile
Ian Duncan, Professor. English, the novel, British literature 1750-1900, Scottish literature, history and theory of fiction, Scottish enlightenment/romanticism, Scott, literature and the human sciences, Darwin.
Research Profile
Nadia Ellis, Associate Professor. Black diaspora literature and culture, queer studies, the city.
Research Profile
Eric Falci, Associate Professor. 20th-Century Irish and British literature, contemporary Irish and British poetry, poetry and music.
Research Profile
Catherine Flynn, Assistant Professor. Modernism, Irish, British, comparative literature, critical theory, Avant-Gardes, James Joyce, Flann O'Brien.
Research Profile
Anne-Lise Francois, Associate Professor. Popular culture, English, comparative literature, the modern period, comparative romanticisms; lyric poetry; the psychological novel, novel of manners; gender, critical theory; literature, philosophy; fashion.
Research Profile
Joshua Gang, Assistant Professor. 20th- and 21st-century British literature, literature and the sciences of mind, literature and the history of philosophy (especially mind and language), modernism, contemporary literature, literary history, literary theory and criticism.
Research Profile
Cecil S. Giscombe, Professor.
Mark A. Goble, Associate Professor.
Steven Goldsmith, Professor.
Marcial Gonzalez, Associate Professor. Chicano and Chicana literature, twentieth-century American ethnic literatures, theory of the novel, marxism, critical theory, farm worker social movements.
Research Profile
Kevis Goodman, Associate Professor. 18th-century and Romantic British literature, Milton, literature and the history of science, especially medicine.
Research Profile
Dorothy J. Hale, Professor. English literature, American literature, the novel, narrative theory, critical theory, Henry James, William Faulkner, the modern novel of consciousness.
Research Profile
Kristin Hanson, Associate Professor. Linguistics, English, poetry, meter, rhyme, and alliteration, phonological theory, English grammar and usage.
Research Profile
Robert L. Hass, Professor. English, poetry, poetry writing, American poetry, history of the short poem in English, contemporary literature, translation, environmental writing, literature and the environment, the natural history tradition in American writing.
Research Profile
Lyn Hejinian, Professor. English, American literature, poetry writing, translation, modernist and postmodern literature, American postwar experimental literature, Gertrude Stein, the objectivists, language writing, Soviet Russian poetry, small press publishing, feminism.
Research Profile
Abdul R. Janmohamed, Professor. Critical theory; theory of subjection; postcolonial literature, culture, and theory; African American fiction; and minority discourse.
Research Profile
Donna V. Jones, Associate Professor. Critical theory, English, modernism, literature and philosophy, literature of the Americas, literature of the African Diaspora, postcolonial literature and theory, narrative and historiography.
Research Profile
Steven Justice, Professor. English, late medieval literature, medieval Latin, Chaucer, hagiography, Latin religious thought, literary criticism.
Research Profile
Victoria Kahn, Professor. Rhetoric, comparative literature, Renaissance literature, poetics, early modern political theory, the Frankfurt School.
Research Profile
Jeffrey Knapp, Professor. Religion, nationalism, theater, English literature, Shakespeare, English renaissance, Spenser, drama, imperialism, epic poetry, authorship, mass entertainment.
Research Profile
David Landreth, Associate Professor. English Renaissance literature 1500-1660.
Research Profile
Celeste Langan, Associate Professor. English, romantic poetry, 19th century literature, Wordsworth, Carlyle, Hardy, Rousseau, the French Revolution, Marxist theory, literature and the social sciences.
Research Profile
Joseph Lavery, Assistant Professor.
Steven Sunwoo Lee, Associate Professor. Twentieth-century American literature, comparative ethnic studies, diaspora, Soviet and post-Soviet studies.
Research Profile
Colleen Lye, Associate Professor. Postcolonial theory, critical theory, cultural studies, Asian American literature, 20th and 21st century literature, world literature.
Research Profile
David Marno, Assistant Professor.
Donald Mcquade, Professor. English, advertising, 20th century American literature and culture, theory and practice of non-fiction, literature and popular culture, the American Renaissance, the essay as literature.
Research Profile
Jennifer Miller, Associate Professor. English, philology, paleography, hagiography, medieval literature, literature in old & middle English, historiography, medieval rhetorical culture, insular political relations, multilingualism, translation & textual transmission, dialectology.
Research Profile
Maura Bridget Nolan, Associate Professor. Chaucer, drama, Middle English literature, Gower, Lydgate, medieval, 16th century, literary form, style.
Research Profile
Geoffrey O'Brien, Associate Professor. Modernism, Creative Writing, 20th and 21st century poetry and poetics.
Research Profile
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, Professor. Old English language and literature, textual criticism, Medieval Studies.
Research Profile
Samuel Otter, Professor. English, African American literature, 19th century American literature, 17th and 18th century American literature, Herman Melville, race in American culture, literature and history, discourse and ideology, close reading.
Research Profile
Genaro M. Padilla, Professor. American literature, Chicano/Latino literary and cultural studies, American autobiography.
Research Profile
Joanna M. Picciotto, Associate Professor.
Kent Puckett, Associate Professor. English, the novel, nineteenth-century British literature and literary theory, sociability, psychoanalysis and affect.
Research Profile
Poulomi Saha, Assistant Professor.
Scott Andrew Saul, Professor. English, African American studies, 20th century American literature and culture, performance studies, jazz studies, histories of the avante-garde.
Research Profile
Susan Schweik, Professor. Feminist theory, cultural studies, English, American poetry, disability studies, 20th-century poetry, literature and politics, war literature.
Research Profile
C. Namwali Serpell, Associate Professor. Theory, aesthetics, affect, ethics, uncertainty, the novel, film, 20th and 21st century Anglophone fiction, the face.
Research Profile
Katherine Snyder, Associate Professor. 19th- through 21st-century Literature in English, narrative and the novel, gender studies, post-traumatic and post-apocalyptic fiction.
Research Profile
Janet Linda Sorensen, Associate Professor.
George A. Starr, Professor. 18th-century English literary, social and intellectual history; prose style; bibliography and textual criticism, literature of California and the west.
Research Profile
Elisa C. Tamarkin, Associate Professor. American literature to 1900.
Research Profile
Emily Thornbury, Associate Professor. Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature.
Research Profile
James G. Turner, Professor. Gender, sexuality, English, 16th-18th-Century English, Italian and French literature, art and literature, 17th-Century political writing, landscape and the city, Enlightenment materialism, sexuality in Renaissance Italian art and Antiquity.
Research Profile
Bryan Wagner, Associate Professor. Critical theory, African American literature, historiography.
Research Profile
Hertha D. Sweet Wong, Associate Professor. English, American literature, native American literature, autobiography, ethnic American literature.
Research Profile
Dora Zhang, Assistant Professor. Critical theory, linguistics, narrative & the novel, 20th and 21st century Britain.
Research Profile
Lecturers
Melanie Abrams, Lecturer.
Vikram Chandra, Senior Lecturer SOE.
Chad Gregory Crosson, Lecturer.
Thomas Farber, Senior Lecturer.
Marcos Garcia, Lecturer.
Rebecca Gaydos, Lecturer.
Georgina Kleege, Lecturer SOE.
John Shoptaw, Lecturer.
Joshua J. Weiner, Lecturer.
Emeritus Faculty
Paul Alpers, Professor Emeritus.
Joel B. Altman, Professor Emeritus. Rhetoric, Shakespeare, English renaissance, Elizabethan and Jacobean drama, history of literary theory.
Research Profile
John S. Anson, Professor Emeritus.
Ian Arion, Professor Emeritus.
Julia Bader, Professor Emeritus. Comedy, English novel, modern American literature, women writers, feminist criticism.
Research Profile
Ann Banfield, Professor Emeritus. Virginia Woolf, English, the novel, literary and linguistic theory, the industrial novel, recent French literary theory, literature and philosophy.
Research Profile
John Bishop, Professor Emeritus. Psychoanalysis, English, the novel, modernism, 20th-Century literature, Joyce, experimental fiction.
Research Profile
Robert Bloom, Professor Emeritus.
Stephen Booth, Professor Emeritus. English, aesthetics, Renaissance literature.
Research Profile
Richard Bridgman, Professor Emeritus.
Carol T. Christ, Professor Emeritus.
John S. Coolidge, Professor Emeritus.
Frederick Crews, Professor Emeritus.
Richard Feingold, Professor Emeritus.
Donald M. Friedman, Professor Emeritus.
Catherine Gallagher, Professor Emeritus. English, 19th century British literature, British novels, victorian non-fiction prose, British women's literature, history and literature of the victorians, history of the novel, Victorian popular culture.
Research Profile
Richard Hutson, Professor Emeritus. Literature.
Research Profile
Ojars Kratins, Professor Emeritus.
Anne Middleton, Professor Emeritus.
D.A. Miller, Professor Emeritus. The novel, gay and cultural studies, classic cinema, Hitchcock.
Research Profile
Bharati Mukherjee, Professor Emeritus. Multiculturalism, English, comparative literature, fiction writing, post-colonial Anglophone fiction, Asian American fiction, autobiographical narratives, memoirs, immigration history, re-formation and nationhood in the 90's.
Research Profile
Alan H. Nelson, Professor Emeritus. English, history of drama, medieval and Renaissance English literature, English Corpus Christi plays, English morality plays, medieval art and literature, history of staging in the middle ages and renaissance, medieval and early Renaissance paleography.
Research Profile
John D. Niles, Professor Emeritus.
Raymond Oliver, Professor Emeritus.
Morton D. Paley, Professor Emeritus. British Romanticism, William Blake, literature and art.
Research Profile
Carolyn Porter, Professor Emeritus. English, American literature, American intellectual history, American Renaissance, Faulkner, James, Fitzgerald, Henry Adams, American Literature of the 1930s.
Research Profile
Norman C. Rabkin, Professor Emeritus.
Alain Renoir, Professor Emeritus.
Hugh M. Richmond, Professor Emeritus. Shakespeare, Theatre, Comparative Literature (European).
Research Profile
Peter Scott, Professor Emeritus.
Robert Tracy, Professor Emeritus.
Alex Zwerdling, Professor Emeritus.